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Á¦¸ñ Natural Product Research (Neuroprotective Effects of GMAS-01 against Oxidative Stress)
ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ igenome09
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏÀÚ 2026-08-07




EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: GMAS-01 NEUROPROTECTION

A Scientific Synthesis on the Protective Effects of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Phragmites australis, and Pinus densiflora against Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells

1. Introduction and Objectives

Neurodegenerative diseases are intimately linked to oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage, driven by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that overpower cellular antioxidant defense systems. This study scientifically evaluates the neuroprotective mechanisms of GMAS-01, a novel polyherbal formulation combining extracts from three traditional botanicals: Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (ES, Acanthopanax bark), Pinus densiflora (PD, Korean Red Pine bark), and Phragmites australis (PA, Reed rhizome) at an optimized weight ratio of 4:2:1. The objective was to validate its therapeutic synergy, identify key bioactives via HPLC, model ligand-protein interactions in silico, and elucidate protective pathways in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

2. Phytochemical and In Silico Characterization

HPLC-DAD analysis identified three major bioactive marker compounds within the individual extracts and the integrated GMAS-01 formulation. To substantiate these findings, molecular docking was executed to evaluate binding affinities against key neuropathological, apoptotic, and inflammatory protein targets compared to Resveratrol (a classic antioxidant control). Notably, Caspase-9 (Casp-9), an essential initiator caspase in mitochondrial apoptosis, was included as a primary target to provide a holistic understanding of the anti-apoptotic pathway.

Table 1. Phytochemical Quantities & Molecular Docking Affinity (kcal/mol)

Bioactive Marker

Source Plant

Qty in GMAS-01
(mg/g)


NF-¥êB

APP

Bax

Bcl-2

Casp-3

Casp-9

Catechin

Pinus densiflora

0.0064 ¡¾ 0.00123

-8.3

-6.0

-7.3

-7.5

-6.8

-6.9

Acanthoside D

Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus

1.0500 ¡¾ 0.00700

-7.8

-5.4

-7.7

-5.4

-6.0

-6.3

p-Coumaric Acid

Phragmites australis

0.0270 ¡¾ 0.00170

-5.9

-4.5

-6.0

-6.4

-4.8

-6.6

Resveratrol (Ctrl)

Reference Compound

N/A

-5.5

-5.9

-5.6

-5.2

-5.9

-5.2

 

3. In Vitro Neuroprotective Mechanisms

Using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as an established in vitro model, acute oxidative stress was induced via exposure to 200 ¥ìM H2O2 (reducing baseline cell viability to approximately 50%). GMAS-01 pre-treatment (12.5–200 ¥ìg/mL) successfully mitigated cellular damage through several coordinated pathways:

¡¤        Cell Viability Preservation: Pre-treatment with GMAS-01 significantly enhanced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001 at 200 ¥ìg/mL), showing a more pronounced protective effect than the individual herb extracts and effectively preserving neuronal membrane integrity.

¡¤        Apoptosis Suppression: Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed that GMAS-01 markedly decreased H2O2-induced apoptotic hallmarks, including chromatin condensation, nuclear shrinkage, and nuclear fragmentation.

¡¤        Mitochondrial Potential Restoration: Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) was assessed using Rhodamine 123. GMAS-01 significantly improved the H2O2-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), demonstrating its protective effect on mitochondrial function.

¡¤        ROS Reduction and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Recovery: H2O2 elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to double the control levels. GMAS-01 significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and restored the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Catalase (CAT), which had been reduced by oxidative stress.

¡¤        Apoptotic Gene Expression Modulation: GMAS-01 pre-treatment down-regulated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9) while up-regulating the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 at the mRNA expression level.

¡¤        Pathological Pathways Suppression: The formulation significantly prevented the H2O2-induced overexpression of NF-¥êB and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes (p < 0.05), which are key biomarkers in neurodegenerative pathways.

4. Conclusion and Future Directions

This study rigorously demonstrates that the GMAS-01 complex targets multiple neuropathological sites simultaneously, producing a distinct synergistic benefit over monoherbal therapies. While these results provide strong scientific evidence for GMAS-01 as a promising therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders, the current study's primary limitation is its reliance on an SH-SY5Y cell model. Further studies using differentiated neuronal models and in vivo experimental systems are needed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and clinical relevance of GMAS-01.

5. Scientific Attribution & Research Source

This executive summary represents a key scientific achievement co-authored by Genome and Natural Bio (Chairman Kyu Hyeong Yoon) in collaboration with Kyung Hee University. The complete peer-reviewed study is officially published in the SCI-indexed journal, Natural Product Research (2026). Inquiries regarding detailed experimental methodology, full author lists, and supplementary datasets can be verified via the publisher's digital object identifier (DOI) link below.

Original Publication DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2026.2674725

Çмú ¿ä¾à º¸°í¼­: GMAS-01 ½Å°æº¸È£ È¿´É

¿À°¡ÇÇ, ³ë±Ù, Àû¼Û º¹ÇÕ ÃßÃâ¹°(GMAS-01)ÀÇ °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò À¯¹ß ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º º¸È£ ±âÀü¿¡ °üÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ±Ô¸í

1. ¼­·Ð ¹× ¿¬±¸ ¸ñÀû

½Å°æÅðÇ༺ ÁúȯÀº °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò(H2O2) µî Ȱ¼º»ê¼ÒÁ¾(ROS)ÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ÃàÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼Æ÷ ³» Ç×»êÈ­ ¹æ¾î ü°è°¡ ºØ±«ÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ ¼Õ»ó°ú ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â ÀüÅë õ¿¬¹°ÀÎ ¿À°¡ÇÇ(ES, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus), Àû¼Û(PD, Pinus densiflora), ³ë±Ù(PA, Phragmites australis )À» Çö´ë ¾à¸®ÇÐÀû À̷п¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿© 4:2:1ÀÇ ÃÖÀû Áß·® ºñÀ²·Î ¹èÇÕÇÑ »õ·Î¿î »ý¾à º¹ÇÕÁ¦Á¦ GMAS-01ÀÇ ½Å°æº¸È£ È¿°ú¿Í ±× ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» °úÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÁõÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. HPLC ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ º¹ÇÕ¹°ÀÇ ÁöÇ¥ ¼ººÐÀ» Á¤·®È­Çϰí, ºÐÀÚ µµÅ·(In Silico)À» ÅëÇØ Ç¥Àû ´Ü¹éÁú°úÀÇ °áÇÕ ¼º´ÉÀ» ±Ô¸íÇÑ ÈÄ, Àΰ£ ½Å°æ¸ð¼¼Æ÷Á¾ SH-SY5Y ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇØ ¼¼Æ÷ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´Ù°¢Àû º¸È£ ±âÀüÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

2. ÁöÇ¥¼ººÐ ºÐ¼® ¹× ºÐÀÚ µµÅ·(Molecular Docking) °á°ú

HPLC-DAD Á¤·® ºÐ¼® °á°ú, º¹ÇÕ ÃßÃâ¹° GMAS-01 ³»¿¡¼­ ÇÙ½É ÁöÇ¥ ¼ººÐÀÎ ¾ÆÄ­Åä»çÀ̵å D, p-Äí¸¶¸£»ê, Ä«Å×ŲÀÌ ¸íÈ®È÷ µ¿Á¤µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÀÛ¿ë ±âÀüÀ» ¿øÀÚ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç ±â¹Ý ºÐÀÚ µµÅ·À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º, ¿°Áõ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê °ü·Ã ÇÙ½É ´Ü¹éÁú Ç¥Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÇÕ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »êÃâÇÏ¿© ´ëÁ¶ ¾à¹°ÀÎ ·¹½ºº£¶óÆ®·Ñ(Resveratrol)°ú ºñ±³ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ °æ·Î¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê À¯µµ ¹× ¾ïÁ¦¿¡ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â Caspase-9 ´Ü¹éÁú°úÀÇ °áÇÕ È°¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼® ´ë»ó¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ÇÑ Â÷¿ø ³ôÀº ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò ÇØ¼®À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Table 2. GMAS-01 ±¸¼º ¼ººÐÀÇ Á¤·® ¹× ÁÖ¿ä ´Ü¹éÁú Ç¥Àû °áÇÕ Ä£È­·Â (kcal/mol)

ÁöÇ¥ È­ÇÕ¹°

±â¿ø ½Ä¹°

GMAS-01 ÇÔ·®
(mg/g)


NF-¥êB

APP

Bax

Bcl-2

Casp-3

Casp-9

Ä«Å×Ų (Catechin)

Àû¼Û (¼Ò³ª¹« ²®Áú)

0.0064 ¡¾ 0.00123

-8.3

-6.0

-7.3

-7.5

-6.8

-6.9

¾ÆÄ­Åä»çÀ̵å D

¿À°¡ÇÇ (°¡Áö ¹× ²®Áú)

1.0500 ¡¾ 0.00700

-7.8

-5.4

-7.7

-5.4

-6.0

-6.3

p-Äí¸¶¸£»ê

³ë±Ù (°¥´ë »Ñ¸®)

0.0270 ¡¾ 0.00170

-5.9

-4.5

-6.0

-6.4

-4.8

-6.6

·¹½ºº£¶óÆ®·Ñ (´ëÁ¶±º)

ÇÕ¼º ´ëÁ¶ Ç¥Áع°Áú

N/A

-5.5

-5.9

-5.6

-5.2

-5.9

-5.2

 

3. ½ÃÇè°ü ³»(In Vitro) ½Å°æº¸È£ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò

Àΰ£ ½Å°æ¸ð¼¼Æ÷Á¾ SH-SY5Y ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¸¦ ¸ðµ¨·Î »ï¾Æ 200 ¥ìM °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò(H2O2)¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ¿© À¯µµµÈ »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º »óȲ¿¡¼­ GMAS-01 º¹ÇÕÁ¦Á¦ÀÇ »çÀü ó¸®(12.5–200 ¥ìg/mL)¸¦ ÅëÇØ µµÃâµÈ ÇÙ½É ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.

¡¤        ¼¼Æ÷ »ýÁ¸À²(Viability) º¸Á¸: H2O2¿¡ ´Üµ¶ ³ëÃ⠽à ¼¼Æ÷ »ýÁ¸À²ÀÌ 50% ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ±Þ°¨ÇÑ ¹Ý¸é, GMAS-01À» 200 ¥ìg/mL ³óµµ·Î Àüó¸®ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷´Â »ýÁ¸·ÂÀÌ À¯ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô Çâ»óµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç(p < 0.001), °³º° »ý¾à ÃßÃâ¹°°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© GMAS-01¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ º¸È£ È¿°ú°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¡¤        ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç(Apoptosis)ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÇÐÀû ¾ïÁ¦: Hoechst 33342 ¿°»ö¹ý °á°ú, H2O2·Î À¯¹ßµÈ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê Ư¡ÀÎ ¿°»öÁú ÀÀÃà, ÇÙ ¼öÃà ¹× ÇÙ ÆÄÆíÈ­ Çö»óÀÌ GMAS-01 Àü󸮱º¿¡¼­ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ¾ïÁ¦µÊÀ» ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

¡¤        ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ¸· ÀüÀ§(MMP) ȸº¹ ¹× ºØ±« ¹æÁö: Rhodamine 123 ¿°»ö ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º·Î ÀÎÇØ °¨¼ÒÇÑ ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ¸· ÀüÀ§(MMP)¸¦ GMAS-01ÀÌ À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô °³¼±ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¡¤        Ȱ¼º»ê¼Ò(ROS) °¨¼Ò ¹× Ç×»êÈ­ È¿¼Ò Ȱ¼º ȸº¹: ¼¼Æ÷ ³» ROS ¼öÁØÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º·Î °¨¼ÒÇÑ ½´ÆÛ¿Á»çÀÌµå µð½º¹ÂŸÁ¦(SOD), ±Û·çŸƼ¿Â °ú»êÈ­È¿¼Ò(GPx), īŻ¶ó¾ÆÁ¦(CAT)ÀÇ È°¼ºÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô È¸º¹½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù.

¡¤        ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê À¯ÀüÀÚ Á¶Àý ¹× ½Å°æ¿°Áõ °æ·Î(NF-¥êB, APP) ¾ïÁ¦: RT-qPCR Á¤·® ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸êÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀ» °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¾ïÁ¦Çϰí, ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸êÀ» ¸·´Â Bcl-2 À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª¾Æ°¡, ½Å°æ¿°ÁõÀ» ¸Å°³ÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É °æ·ÎÀÎ NF-¥êB À¯ÀüÀÚ °ú¹ßÇö°ú ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀÌ¸Ó À¯¹ß¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â APP(¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀ̵å Àü±¸ ´Ü¹éÁú) À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀ» Àü»ç ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

4. ÇмúÀû °¡Ä¡ ¹× ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÇѰèÁ¡

º» ¿¬±¸´Â ¿À°¡ÇÇ, Àû¼Û, ³ë±ÙÀÇ ´ÙÁß Ç¥Àû ¹× ½Ã³ÊÁö È¿°ú¸¦ Çö´ë ÇÑ¹æ ¾à¸®ÇÐ °üÁ¡°ú ºÐÀÚ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±â¹ýÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¸íÈ®È÷ ±Ô¸íÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, º» ¿¬±¸´Â SH-SY5Y ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÑ ½ÃÇè°ü ³»(In vitro) ½ÇÇè¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ °á°úÀ̹ǷÎ, ½ÇÁ¦ »ýü ³»(In vivo) È¿´É°ú ÀÓ»óÀû À¯È¿¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÇâÈÄ ºÐÈ­µÈ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ ¹× »ýü ³» ¸ðµ¨À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ãß°¡ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

5. Çмú ¿¬±¸ Á¤º¸ ¹× Ãâó

º» ¿ä¾à º¸°í¼­´Â °Ô³ð¾Ø³»Ãß·²¹ÙÀÌ¿À(ȸÀå À±±ÔÇü) ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ °øµ¿ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿© SCI±Þ ±¹Á¦ Àú¸í ÇмúÁöÀÎ Natural Product Research (2026³â °ÔÀç)¿¡ °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ ¼º°ú¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ó¼¼ÇÑ Àüü ³í¹® ¿øÀúÀÚ Á¤º¸ ¹× ºÎ¼Ó µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¾Æ·¡ ¿Â¶óÀÎ µðÁöÅÐ ÁÖ¼Ò(DOI) ¸µÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇØ Á¤½Ä ÇмúÁö ¿ø¹®¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¿ø¹® DOI ¸µÅ©: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2026.2674725


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